By arc melting furnace thermal effects of metals and other materials. According to the heating method, there are three types:
(2) Indirect heating of the electric arc furnace. The arc is generated between the two electrodes, does not contact the material, and heats the material by thermal radiation. This kind of furnace is noisy, low efficiency, and is gradually being eliminated.
(2) Direct heating of the electric arc furnace. The arc is generated between the electrode and the material to directly heat the material; the steel-making three-phase electric arc furnace is the most commonly used direct heating electric arc furnace (see electric arc furnace steelmaking).
(3) Submerged arc electric furnace, also known as reduction electric furnace or ore electric furnace. One end of the electrode material buried layer is formed in an arc within the material layers using the resistance heating layer itself heating material; commonly used in smelting iron alloy (see furnace iron alloy), nickel matte smelting, matte (see nickel, copper), and the production Calcium carbide (calcium carbide) and the like.
A vacuum arc furnace is an electric furnace in which a molten metal is directly heated by an electric arc in an evacuated furnace body. The gas in the furnace is thin, and the arc is mainly caused by the vapor of the molten metal. In order to stabilize the arc, DC is generally supplied. According to the characteristics of smelting, it is divided into metal remelting furnace and casting furnace. According to whether the electrodes are consumed (melted) during the smelting process, they are divided into self-consumption furnaces and non-consumer furnaces. Most of the industrial applications are self-consumption furnaces. Vacuum arc furnaces are used to melt special steel, reactive and refractory metals such as titanium , molybdenum and niobium .
Arc electric heating can be considered as arc resistance electric heating. Stabilization of the arc (arc resistance) is a necessary condition for the normal production of the furnace. AC arc furnaces usually use power frequency. In order to stabilize the arc, the furnace power supply circuit should have appropriate inductive reactance, but the inductive reactance will reduce the power factor and electrical efficiency. Reducing the current frequency is the way to develop AC arc furnaces. The arc resistance is quite small. In order to obtain the necessary heat, the furnace needs a considerable working current, so the resistance of the short grid of the furnace should be as small as possible to avoid excessive circuit loss. For a three-phase electric arc furnace, the impedance of the three phases should be close to the same, so as to avoid the imbalance of the three-phase load.
March 02, 2024
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